中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
全球经济增速急剧放缓****** 世界银行发布最新一期《全球经济展望》报告指出,在通胀高企、利率上升、投资减少的背景下,全球经济增速正在急剧放缓,预计2023年全球增长将从6个月前预测的3%降至1.7%。 报告认为,增长急剧下滑将是一个普遍现象,95%的发达经济体、近70%的新兴市场和发展中经济体的2023年经济增长预测都较此前预测数据有所下调。在目前的经济形势下,任何新的不利因素都可能将全球经济推入衰退。如果出现这种情况,那将是80多年来首次在同一个10年期内连续发生两次全球衰退。 “随着全球经济前景恶化,各项危机也在加剧。”世界银行行长戴维·马尔帕斯认为,全球资本被那些政府债务水平极高且利率不断上升的发达经济体所吸纳。在这种情况下,新兴市场和发展中经济体受制于债务压力,可能在未来多年内增长乏力。同时,教育、卫生、减贫和基础设施等领域的发展成果已经遭到逆转,而经济增长和商业投资的疲软将会进一步加剧这一趋势,并使各国更难以应对与气候变化有关的各种需求。 报告预计,2023年发达经济体的经济增长速度将从2022年的2.5%降至0.5%。根据过去20年的经验,这种大幅下滑往往是全球衰退的先兆。 根据报告,预计2023年美国经济增速将降至0.5%,比之前的预测低1.9个百分点,这将是自1970年以来除官方认定的衰退期以外美国经济表现最差的一年。预计2023年欧元区经济零增长,比之前预测下调了1.9个百分点。预计2023年中国经济将增长4.3%,较之前的预测低0.9个百分点。除中国以外的新兴市场和发展中经济体的增长率预计将从2022年的3.8%降至2023年的2.7%,主要原因是外部需求大幅下滑。 报告预计,未来两年新兴市场和发展中经济体人均收入平均每年增长2.8%,这比2010年至2019年的平均水平低了整整1个百分点。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,预计2023年至2024年人均收入年均增长率仅为1.2%,这可能导致贫困率有所上升。报告显示,到2024年底,新兴市场和发展中经济体的GDP水平将比新冠疫情前的预期水平低6%左右。尽管全球通胀将有所回落,但仍会高于疫情暴发前的水平。 这份报告首次对新兴市场和发展中经济体的中期投资增长前景进行了全面评估。在2022年至2024年期间,这些经济体的总投资年均增长预计约为3.5%,不到此前20年普遍增幅的一半。针对这一情况,报告专门为政策制定者提供了加快投资增长的一系列建议。 “投资低迷是一个值得关注的严重问题,因为它可能导致生产率难以提高、贸易表现疲软,从而削弱整体经济前景。没有强劲和持续的投资增长,就不可能实现广泛的发展。”世界银行预测局局长阿伊汗·高斯说,“各国促进投资增长的具体政策需要适应各自国情,但无论如何都要从建立健全财政货币政策框架以及开展全面的投资环境改革着手。” 报告显示,东亚与太平洋地区经济继2021年强劲反弹后,2022年增速明显放缓,预计全年增幅为3.2%,较之前的预测低1.2个百分点。2023年东亚与太平洋地区的经济增长率将稳步上升至4.3%。2022年,本地区通胀水平有所上升。尽管如此,与世界上其他地区相比,东亚与太平洋地区的价格压力普遍较小,重要原因之一是潜在增长率相对较高、复苏进程较慢导致本地区仍然存在负产出缺口。 报告还指出,目前影响东亚与太平洋地区经济发展的主要下行风险仍然存在,包括疫情可能再次扰乱经济、全球金融政策收紧幅度超出预期、全球经济增长放缓以及与气候变化相关的破坏性天气事件频繁发生等。如果乌克兰危机旷日持久、地缘政治不确定性继续加剧,则可能进一步损害全球商业信心和消费者信心,导致本地区出口增长放缓幅度超出预期。柬埔寨、马来西亚、蒙古国和越南等尤为依赖出口的经济体特别容易受到出口需求下滑的影响,本地区与气候变化相关的破坏性天气事件也正变得日益频繁。(周明阳) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |